YIELD AND GRAIN QUALITY IN IMPROVED COMMON BEAN LINES GROWN UNDER IRRIGATION IN DURANGO, MEXICO

Abstract

The state of Durango stands out in the generation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties with high impact from the productive and commercial points of view in Mexico. The objective of this study was to evaluate 14 improved lines of common bean based on seed yield, grain quality and morpho-agronomic attributes. The types of lines were: pinto (7), opaque-black (4), white (2) and pink (1), which were compared with commercial checks. The planting was carried out in Durango, Mexico on July 10^th, 2015; July 07^th, 2016 and June 21^th, 2017. A completely randomized design (paired strips) was used, the experimental plot consisted of six rows of 25 m long and a useful plot of two rows of 5 m in length, 0.81 m separation (8.1 m²) and five replications. Days to flowering (DF) and to physiological maturity (DPM), yield and 100-seeds weight were recorded, and a proximate chemical analysis of the grain was also performed. Analysis of variance was applied and the comparison of means was carried out with the Tukey test (P ≤ 0.05). Values were observed between 44 and 51 days after sowing (das) for DF and between 96 and 110 das for DPM. The pinto lines showed precocity at flowering (39 das) and maturity (100 das). Significant differences were obtained (from P ≤ 0.0001 to P ≤ 0.04) between improved lines for seed yield, with higher average (2673 kg ha^-1) in 2016 and variation for seed size from 45.0 to 51.1 g per 100 seeds. No statistically significant differences were detected between lines for ash content (3.5 to 5.0 %), crude protein (20.5 to 25.1 %), crude fat (1.2 to 2.2 %), crude fiber (1.9 to 4.4 %) and nitrogen-free extract (65.8 to 71.2 %). Outstanding improved lines of common bean were identified with adaptation under irrigation, high yield and grain commercial quality.