CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WILD SPECIES OF THE GENUS Lupinus FROM STATE OF PUEBLA, MÉXICO

Abstract

Species of the genus Lupinus are abundant in the Mexican Transverse Neovolcanic Axis and their seeds have high protein content that can be utilized in human and animal nutrition. Flowering and fruiting plants of Lupinus campestris, L. exaltatus, L. hintonii and L. montanus were collected in the Serdan and Libres Valley state of Puebla, México, during May and August 2011 at 2486 - 3442 masl, for proximate analysis, total alkaloids (TA), total polyphenols (TP) and condensed tannins (CT) in various plant organs. The seeds had the highest percentage of crude protein (CP) (32.5 to 43.5 g/100 g), ether extract (EE) (6.5 to 7.5 g/100 g), and the lowest content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (16.7 to 24.7 g/100 g) and acid detergent fiber (FDA) (4.4 to 7.9 g/100 g), compared to the leaves + stems (PC: 22.2 to 25.5 g/100 g; FDN: 38.2 to 44.1 g/100 g; FDA: 21.7 to 30.1 g/100 g). In pod walls lower PC content (10.9 to 22.8 g/100 g) and EE (0.1 to 0.6 g/100 g), but higher NDF (54.4 to 68.4 g/100 g) and FDA (34.0 to 47.1 g/100 g) were observed. In the seeds TA were from 2.4 to 5.4 g/100 g (L. hintonii with the highest content), PT of 221 to 554 mg/100 g, and CT from 0.0 to 22.7 mg kg^-1 (L. exaltatus and L. campestris seeds without tannins). In the foliage, TA ranged from 1.2 to 3.3 g/100 g, PT from 556 to 813 mg/100 g and CT of 66.85 to 99.71 mg kg^-1. The seeds and foliage of wild Lupinus species are a source of protein and polyphenols. These will require reducing level of alkaloids via technological processes or breeding varieties suitable for use in food.