COSTEÑO 201 SORGHUM VARIETY SUITABLE FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION ADAPTED TO WARM AREAS

Abstract

In recent years, INIFAP has reinforced research in the genetic improvement of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) to generate materials whose grain is suitable for human consumption, with minimal seed production problems and with adaptation.
to the dry and humid tropics of the country. As a result of this effort, the open-pollinated variety "Costeño 201" has been released, whose potential planting area is close to 300 thousand hectares, only in the southern region of the country.

In 1982, a group of genotypes were introduced from ICRISAT, which were evaluated in various warm locations in the country, from 1983 to 1986, under very diverse environmental conditions. In these evaluations, the line M-62641 stood out, whose genealogy is [(SC 108-3 x es 3541) E 15-5]-15. In 1986, its standardization began, through an initial cycle of visual mass selection and later a cycle of family selection of self-siblings.

This variety is characterized by having a height of 160 to 180 cm, an extension of 10-20 cm, it does not present nodal shoots, the number of leaves at flowering varies from 7 to 10, flowering occurs between 60 and 70 days after sowing, while physiological maturity at 90-95 days. The panicle measures 17 to 25 cm, it is semi-compact, the color of the grain is creamy-white, the glumes are yellow and the plant is of the "tan" or cinnamon type.
Costeño 201 can be planted in irrigated, medium-seasonal, strict-seasonal, favorable-seasonal and residual humidity lands. However, its best adaptation is located in agricultural areas of the states of Sinaloa, Chiapas, Guerrero and Jalisco located at altitudes no higher than 1000 meters above sea level.

Under rainfed conditions it presents experimental yields of 4100 kg/ha, surpassing Blanco 86 with 300 kg, in addition to being earlier than this variety. In critical weather conditions, it at least performs as well as commercial hybrids but in most cases far surpasses them. Because it is an open-pollinated variety, the farmer does not need to buy seed year after year.

The high quality of the grain allows it to be used for human consumption, because it contains almost no tannins or phenols. Sorghum flour can be mixed with corn flour to produce tortillas.

It presents resistance as zoned spot to diseases (Gloeocerospora sorghila Bain and Edgerton) and oval spot (Ramulispora sorghicola Harris); shows tolerance to leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum Leo and Sug). In the National Registry of Plant Varieties it has the number SOG-200389-18.