YIELD AND STABILITY OF IMPROVED LINES OF BLACK BEAN IN VERACRUZ AND CHIAPAS, MÉXICO

Abstract

The analysis of the interaction genotype by environment allows for selection of stable genotypes, of wide adaptation and superior yield, as well as identification of environments of small genotype by environment interaction. During the years 2011 and 2012, a yield trial made up of 10 advanced lines and two commercial cultivars of black seeded common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was sown in 12 site-production system combinations in the states of Veracruz and Chiapas, México. At each environment the trial was sown under a random complete block design with four replications. Yield data were analyzed per individual trial and in a combined analysis. The model of additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) was used to classify the environments and to identify outstanding high yielding lines with low interaction with the environment. According to AMMI analysis, the environmental effect was greater than that of the genotypes; sites Martínez de la Torre and San Andrés Tuxtla showed low interaction and thus are considered suitable for selection in the breeding process. In some environments, the incidence of diseases limited seed yield of susceptible genotypes and contributed towards the effects of environment and genotype by environment interaction. Control cultivars were significantly (P < 0.05) out-yielded by a line in six of the 12 test environments. Lines NGO 07022 and SCN 2 showed low interaction with the environments and were in the high yielding group. Line SEN 70 displayed the highest average yield of 1437 kg ha^-1, thus out yielding Papaloapan and Comapa control cultivars by 9 and 7 %, respectively, but showed high interaction with the environments and specific adaptation in low yielding environments.